Hazrat Usman ibn Affan (RA), known as Usman Ghani (RA), was the third Caliph of Islam and one of the closest companions of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. He holds a distinguished place in Islamic history as one of the Ashara Mubashara—the ten companions promised Paradise. Renowned for his humility, modesty, and generosity, Hazrat Usman (RA) is remembered as Dhun-Nurayn (the Possessor of Two Lights) because he married two daughters of the Prophet ﷺ in succession. His life reflects devotion, sacrifice, and steadfastness in serving Islam.

Early Life

Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA) was born into the noble and wealthy Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe in Makkah around 576 CE. Even before embracing Islam, he was known for his gentle nature, honesty, and generosity. He accepted Islam at the invitation of Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) and became one of the earliest Muslims. His acceptance of Islam brought him close to the Prophet ﷺ, and his faith was tested by the Quraysh, yet he remained firm and patient.

Sacrifices for Islam

Hazrat Usman (RA) is remembered as one of the greatest benefactors of Islam. His generosity was unmatched:

• He purchased the Well of Rumah and made it freely available for Muslims.
• He funded the Battle of Tabuk, contributing hundreds of camels, horses, and large sums of wealth.
• He constantly supported the poor, the orphans, and those in need.

The Prophet ﷺ himself said: “After today, nothing will harm Usman.” (Tirmidhi) – highlighting the acceptance of his sacrifices in the sight of Allah.

Caliphate

After the martyrdom of Hazrat Umar ibn Khattab (RA), Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA) became the third Caliph of Islam. His rule, part of the Khilafat-e-Rashida, lasted twelve years—the longest among the Rightly Guided Caliphs. During his caliphate:

• The Muslim empire expanded across North Africa, Persia, and Central Asia.
• He appointed capable governors to ensure justice and Islamic governance.
• His leadership emphasized peace, consultation (Shura), and justice.

Compilation of the Qur’an

One of the most significant contributions of Hazrat Usman (RA) was the compilation of the Qur’an into a single standardized Mushaf. As Islam spread to different lands, variations in recitation appeared. To protect the authenticity of Allah’s Book, he ordered copies of the Qur’an to be written and distributed to major Islamic centers. This monumental effort preserved the Qur’an in its pure form, free from alteration, until today.

Martyrdom

Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA) faced opposition during the later years of his caliphate. Despite unrest and rebellion, he refused to shed Muslim blood, choosing patience over conflict. In 35 AH (656 CE), he was martyred while reciting the Qur’an in his home in Madinah. His martyrdom deeply shook the Muslim Ummah and marked a turning point in Islamic history. His blood-stained Qur’an remains a powerful symbol of his devotion.

Lessons for Today

The life of Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA) offers timeless lessons:

• Generosity – Supporting Islam with wealth and resources.
• Patience – Remaining steadfast in trials and hardships.
• Devotion to Qur’an – Ensuring its preservation and teaching.
• Leadership – Governing with humility, consultation, and justice.

For Muslims today, his legacy teaches us to serve Islam selflessly, prioritize the Qur’an, and adopt humility in leadership.

Conclusion

Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA), the Dhun-Nurayn, stands as a shining example of faith, sacrifice, and sincerity. As the third Caliph of Islam, his legacy includes the expansion of the Muslim world, the preservation of the Qur’an, and countless acts of generosity. His life continues to inspire Muslims to uphold the values of patience, piety, and service to Islam.

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